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  • Geography

    … Ohio, Kanawha, and Monongahela rivers. The Coal, Little Kanawha, Guyandotte, Big Sandy, … inaccessible regions required railroads, "coal towns":https://www.wvencyclopedia. … declined to about 13,000. Coal production reached unprecedented levels late …

  • Geology

    … , shales, siltstones, sandstones, and "coals":http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/ … fertilization, construction aggregate, water treatment, coal mine dust suppression, and chemical … the westernmost counties have no coal production. Those areas are rich …

  • Denise Giardina

    … Unquiet Earth_ (1992), feature the fictitious coal miners Rondal Lloyd and Dillon … wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1864 (1989–90) coal strikes. In the following years … issues, particularly "mountaintop removal coal mining":https://www.wvencyclopedia. …

  • William Ellsworth Glasscock

    … , including recognition of the union, abolition of the mine guard system, and the right to a checkweighman. Kanawha Valley coal companies refused to bargain. They armed their mine guards, many from the notorious "Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency": …

  • Glen Rogers Mine Disaster

    A methane gas explosion November 6, 1923, inside the ill-fated Glen Rogers coal mine killed 27 men, the worst accident of any kind in "Wyoming … at the mine before it was closed in 1960 by its parent company, the Old Ben Coal Corporation of Chicago.

  • Nathan Goff Jr.

    … politics, inheriting wealth and multiplying it. With four others, he bought the _Clarksburg Telegram_ newspaper in 1891. He invested in coal mining and profited extensively from the oil business. As a builder he added landmarks to the city, including the …

  • Grafton

    … boom-town prosperity to Grafton, as the city became an important switching area for both freight and passengers. "Coal":https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1349 and "timber":https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/728 were major …

  • Grant County

    … ":https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1425 and "poultry":http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1908 production. Coal mining in the Alleghenies and "timber industries":http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/728 throughout the …

  • The Great Depression

    … , and other public services. West Virginia’s leading industry, coal, underwent wrenching changes. In the early stages of the … as mining companies failed and unemployment grew, leaving once busy coal camps idle and stranding thousands of miners and their …

  • Greenbrier County

    … Fairlea, near Lewisburg. Historically, lumber and coal have been among Greenbrier’s … /articles/1341 at Meadow River. "Coal mining":https://www.wvencyclopedia. … 80 Greenbrier Countians worked in the coal industry. "Natural springs": …

  • William Henry Edwards

    … in 1852, erected the first "cannel coal":http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/ … 30,000. The towboat, used to transport coal from Cannelton to Cincinnati, was capable … one carrying 10,000 bushels of coal. In addition to developing large business …

  • Flat Top Mountain

    … . Much of the region is underlain by rich deposits of Pocahontas coal. Underground mining began in the 1880s when the "Norfolk … operating in the region. In recent years much of the coal has been "surface-mined":http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/ …

  • Aretas Brooks Fleming

    … in railroads, land, timber, oil, and coal. After 1886, Fleming’s fortunes were … . The Fleming-Watson group controlled Consolidation Coal for the next 25 years. … wielded considerable influence among West Virginia coal operators, and he led the movement …

  • Flood Control

    … , floods in southern West Virginia breathed new life into a long-standing controversy about the role of timbering and coal mining—especially "mountaintop removal mining":http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1530—in producing floods. In 2016, & …

  • Stephen B. Elkins

    … in Baltimore in 1875. Recognizing the potential of the oil, coal, and timber industries, Senator Davis invited Elkins to become a … . Elkins was also associated with his father-in-law in Davis Coal & Coke and other enterprises. In 1890, the Elkinses …

  • Thomas Dunn English

    … News of the region’s large coal reserves and virgin timber may … . By 1853, English had bought 27 coal leases and incorporated two … counties. While he was buying coal leases, English also got involved … . In 1856, when English’s coal schemes didn’t succeed, he …

  • The Environment

    … mines, surface mines, gob piles, and coal-cleaning facilities. The landscape is under … as gob piles were reclaimed, with available coal recovered and the sites restored to … from sewage plants, manufacturing, chemicals, and coal washing to be returned to …

  • Fairmont

    … to transfer to Fairmont. Local "coal mines":https://www.wvencyclopedia. … The town was headquarters for Fairmont Coal Company and later for Mountaineer … many years these men controlled Consolidation Coal Company. These industrialists and others …

  • Farmington Mine Disaster

    … dust explosion occurred in "Consolidation Coal Company’s":http://www.wvencyclopedia … mine in the great "Pittsburgh Coal Seam":https://www.wvencyclopedia. … who angered many by defending Consolidation Coal after the explosion. <p& …

  • Fayette County

    … 2,500 people. Fayette was the leading coal producing county in West Virginia from … those living on the plateau during the coal heyday. "Thurmond":http://www. … located on the mountainside in between. With coal in decline after mid-century, towns …

  • The Law

    … of the extractive industries, timber, coal, oil, and gas. Much litigation … part, conservative institutions, often dominated by coal interests and having little interest … that power. _West Virginia-Pittsburgh Coal Company v. Strong_ (1947) significantly …

  • New Deal

    … ;:http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/835 finally to organize West Virginia coal miners in 1933–34 and increasing the political power of the labor movement in the state. The unionization of coal and other basic industries and the popularity of Social …

  • William Nelson Page

    … ore deposits. Page saw the Hawks Nest Coal Company through tumultuous times during the & … 1917, he was president of Gauley Mountain Coal Company in Ansted and (1905–17) … in 1917, he worked there to protect coal and steel interests. Founder of the Ansted …

  • Upper Big Branch Mine Disaster

    … Energy and operated by its subsidiary, Performance Coal Company. After the Upper Big Branch … . In 2013 Alpha operated about 150 coal mines and 40 preparation plants, more … Virginia. Due to the fines, falling coal prices, and mounting debt, Alpha filed …

  • Sago Mine Disaster

    … located near Buckhannon, was owned by International Coal Group. The company and two state … within months by several other fatal coal mining accidents, including one other in … after the fatal explosion, but International Coal Group later decided to seal the …

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